Chiyambi:
Mabatire a lithiamuakopa chidwi padziko lonse lapansi ndipo adalandira Mphotho yapamwamba ya Nobel chifukwa cha ntchito zawo, zomwe zakhudza kwambiri chitukuko cha batri komanso mbiri ya anthu. Chifukwa chake, chifukwa chiyani mabatire a lithiamu amalandila chidwi kwambiri padziko lapansi ndipo amapambana Mphotho ya Nobel?
Chinsinsi chomvetsetsa kufunikira kwa mabatire a lithiamu chagona muzinthu zawo zapadera komanso kusintha komwe adakhala nako paukadaulo ndi anthu. Mosiyana ndi mabatire achikhalidwe, omwe amadalira kusintha kwamankhwala okhudzana ndi zitsulo zolemera monga lead kapena cadmium, mabatire a lithiamu amagwiritsa ntchito ma ion a lithiamu kusunga ndikutulutsa mphamvu. Kapangidwe kameneka kamapereka maubwino angapo, kuphatikiza kachulukidwe kamphamvu kwambiri, moyo wautali, komanso kutha kwachapira mwachangu, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala chisankho choyenera pamapulogalamu osiyanasiyana.
Chifukwa chomwe mabatire a lithiamu amakhala otchuka
Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu zomwe zimachititsa chidwi ndi kuyamikiramabatire a lithiamundi udindo wawo pothandiza kuti zipangizo zamagetsi zichuluke. Kubwera kwa mafoni a m'manja, mapiritsi, ndi zida zina zam'manja kwasintha kwambiri kulankhulana, zosangalatsa, ndi zokolola, ndipo mabatire a lithiamu athandiza kwambiri kulimbikitsa zidazi. Mapangidwe awo opepuka komanso ophatikizika, komanso kuthekera kwawo kopereka mphamvu zodalirika komanso zokhalitsa, zawapangitsa kukhala ofunikira kwambiri m'zaka zamakono zamakono.
Kuphatikiza apo, kukwera kwa magalimoto amagetsi (EVs) kwalimbikitsanso kutchuka kwa mabatire a lithiamu. Pamene dziko likufuna kusintha kuchoka ku mafuta oyaka mafuta ndikuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha, ma EV atulukira ngati njira yodalirika yosinthira magalimoto akale a injini zoyatsira mkati. Chofunika kwambiri pakuchita bwino kwa ma EV ndi mabatire a lithiamu omwe amatha kusunga ndikupereka mphamvu zambiri zomwe zimafunikira pakuyendetsa kwautali wautali. Kukula kwaukadaulo wapamwamba wa batri ya lithiamu-ion kwathandizira kukula kwa msika wamagalimoto amagetsi, kukopa chidwi chachikulu kuchokera kwa osunga ndalama, opanga mfundo, komanso anthu.
Mabatire okhazikika a lithiamu
Kuphatikiza pa kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo pamagetsi ogula ndi zoyendera, mabatire a lithiamu atenganso gawo lofunikira pakuphatikiza magwero a mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa, monga mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi mphepo, mu gridi yamagetsi. Njira zosungiramo mphamvu zozikidwa paukadaulo wa lithiamu-ion zathandiza kuti azigwira bwino ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zongowonjezera pang'onopang'ono, kuthandizira kukhazikika kwa gridi ndikuchepetsa kudalira mphamvu zopangira mafuta. Chothandizira ichi pakusintha kupita kuzinthu zokhazikika komanso zokhazikika zamagetsi zakwezanso udindo wamabatire a lithiamupa siteji yapadziko lonse lapansi.
Kuzindikirika kwa mabatire a lithiamu okhala ndi Mphotho ya Nobel mu Chemistry mu 2019 kunagogomezera kukhudzidwa kwakukulu kwaukadaulowu padziko lapansi. Mphothoyi inaperekedwa kwa John B. Goodenough, M. Stanley Whittingham, ndi Akira Yoshino chifukwa cha ntchito yawo yochita upainiya pakupanga mabatire a lithiamu-ion, kuvomereza zopereka zawo kupititsa patsogolo luso la kusungirako mphamvu. Komiti ya Nobel idawonetsa kufunikira kwa mabatire a lithiamu pothana ndi zovuta zakusintha kwanyengo ndikuthandizira kusintha kwa tsogolo lokhazikika lamphamvu.
Tsogolo la mabatire a lithiamu
Kuyang'ana m'tsogolo, chidwi ndi kuyamikiridwa kolandiridwamabatire a lithiamuakuyenera kupitilira pomwe ofufuza ndi ogwira nawo ntchito m'mafakitale akuyesetsa kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zawo, chitetezo, komanso kukhazikika kwachilengedwe. Kuyesetsa mosalekeza kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zamagetsi, kuchepetsa ndalama, komanso kukonza njira zobwezeretsanso kudzakhala kofunika kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa kuti mabatire a lithiamu apitirizebe kugwira ntchito m'malo aukadaulo omwe akusintha mwachangu.
Pomaliza, chidwi ndi kuzindikirika kwa mabatire a lithiamu kumachokera ku gawo lawo lofunikira pakuwongolera kusintha kwa digito, kuyendetsa magetsi pamayendedwe, ndikuthandizira kuphatikiza mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa. Mphotho ya Nobel yoperekedwa kwa apainiya aukadaulo wa batri ya lithiamu ndi umboni wa kukhudzidwa kwakukulu kwa lusoli padziko lapansi. Pamene anthu akupitiriza kukumbatira mphamvu zoyera ndi zamakono zamakono, mabatire a lithiamu ali okonzeka kukhalabe patsogolo pa dziko lonse lapansi ndi zatsopano, kupanga tsogolo la kusunga mphamvu ndi kukhazikika.
Ngati muli ndi mafunso kapena mukufuna kudziwa zambiri, musazengereze kuterokufikira kwa ife.
Pempho la Mawu:
Jacqueline:jacqueline@heltec-bms.com/ +86 185 8375 6538
Sucre:sucre@heltec-bms.com/ +86 136 8844 2313
Nancy:nancy@heltec-bms.com/ +86 184 8223 7713
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-22-2024