Chiyambi:
Motsogozedwa ndi cholinga cha padziko lonse cha "kusalowerera ndale kwa mpweya", makampani atsopano opanga magalimoto amphamvu akukula mofulumira kwambiri. Monga "mtima" wa magalimoto atsopano amphamvu,mabatire a lithiamuapereka chithandizo chosatha. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zake komanso moyo wake wautali, wakhala injini yamphamvu pakusintha kwa kayendedwe kobiriwira kumeneku. Monga mbali ziwiri za ndalama, chilichonse chili ndi mbali ziwiri. Ngakhale mabatire a lithiamu amatibweretsera mphamvu zoyera komanso zothandiza, amaphatikizidwanso ndi vuto lomwe silinganyalanyazidwe - kutaya mabatire a lithiamu.
Vuto la batri la lithiamu lotayira
Tangoganizirani kuti magalimoto atsopano amphamvu akuyenda m'misewu ya mzinda. Ndi chete komanso osamala chilengedwe, ndipo akuwonetsani chithunzi chokongola cha ulendo wamtsogolo kwa ife. Koma magalimoto awa akamaliza ntchito yawo, chidzachitike ndi chiyani ku "mtima" wawo -batri ya lithiamuDeta ikusonyeza kuti pofika chaka cha 2025, mabatire amagetsi omwe achotsedwa ntchito ku China akuyembekezeka kufika pa 1,100 GWh, zomwe ndi zofanana ndi kupanga magetsi pachaka kwa malo asanu opangira magetsi a Three Gorges. Chiwerengero chachikulu chotere, ngati sichingasamalidwe bwino, chidzapangitsa kuti chilengedwe ndi zinthu zikhale zovuta kwambiri.
Mabatire a lithiamu otayidwa ali ndi zinthu zambiri zamtengo wapatali monga lithiamu, cobalt, ndi nickel. Ngati titalola kuti atayike, zingakhale ngati kusiya "migodi ya m'mizinda". Chodetsa nkhawa kwambiri ndichakuti mabatire a lithiamu otayidwa alinso ndi zinthu zovulaza monga ma electrolyte ndi zitsulo zolemera. Ngati sagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino, adzaipitsa nthaka, madzi, ndi mlengalenga kwambiri, komanso adzaika pachiwopsezo thanzi la anthu.
Poyang'anizana ndi mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha mabatire a lithiamu otayidwa, sitingathe kukhala chete, komanso sitingaope mabatire. M'malo mwake, tiyenera kufunafuna mayankho mwachangu, kusintha "ngozi" kukhala "mwayi", ndikuyamba njira yopita patsogolo yokhazikika yokhala ndi zobiriwira. Mwamwayi, kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ndi ukadaulo kwatiwonetsa komwe tikupita. Kusintha kobiriwira komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi luso laukadaulo kukuonekera mwakachetechete, kubweretsa chiyembekezo chatsopano cha "kubadwanso" kwa mabatire a lithiamu otayidwa.
Kusintha kwa batire ya lithiamu kukhala yobiriwira, kusandutsa zinyalala kukhala chuma
Mu kusintha kobiriwira kumeneku, ukadaulo ndi zida zosiyanasiyana zapamwamba zatulukira. Ali ngati "akatswiri a zamatsenga" omwe amatulutsanso zinthu zamtengo wapatali kuchokera ku mabatire a lithiamu otayika, kuwasandutsa chuma ndikuwapatsanso mphamvu.
Tiyeni tilowe mu "fakitale yochotsa zinyalala"mabatire a lithiamuApa, zida zopondereza ndi kusanja mabatire a lithiamu zili ngati "dokotala wa opaleshoni" waluso. Amatha kusokoneza ndikugawa mabatire a lithiamu molondola, kusiyanitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu za mabatire, ndikuyika maziko a kubwezeretsanso ndi kukonza zinthu pambuyo pake.
Kenako, zinthu za batri izi zidzalowa mu "ma workshop" osiyanasiyana kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mosiyana. Zipangizo zabwino za ma electrode zomwe zili ndi zitsulo monga lithiamu, cobalt, ndi nickel zidzatumizidwa ku "workshop yochotsera zitsulo". Kudzera mu hydrometallurgy, pyrometallurgy ndi njira zina, zitsulo zamtengo wapatali izi zidzachotsedwa kuti zipange mabatire atsopano a lithiamu kapena zinthu zina.
Zigawo za batri zomwe zili ndi zinthu zovulaza monga ma electrolyte ndi zitsulo zolemera zidzatumizidwa ku "workshop yosamalira zachilengedwe" yapadera, komwe adzadutsa njira zingapo zosamalira zachilengedwe kuti atsimikizire kuti zinthu zovulaza zatayidwa bwino komanso mosamala popanda kuipitsa chilengedwe.
Ndikoyenera kunena kuti pokonzanso mabatire a lithiamu, kuteteza chilengedwe ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Pofuna kuchepetsa kuipitsa chilengedwe, makampani ambiri agwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapamwamba woteteza chilengedwe ndi zida, monga zida zolumikizirana za lithiamu batire zotayira zinyalala.
Zipangizozi zili ngati "chitetezo cha chilengedwe" chokhala ndi zida zonse. Chimaphatikiza njira zambiri zodzitetezera monga kutseka makina ndi njira zoyeretsera, zomwe zingalepheretse kutulutsa utsi ndi kutuluka kwa madzi otayira, kuonetsetsa kuti njira yonse yobwezeretsanso zinthu ndi yobiriwira, yosamalira chilengedwe komanso yotetezeka.
Ubwino wachuma wa mabatire obwezeretsanso a lithiamu
Makampani ena akufufuzanso mwachangu njira zosungira mphamvu komanso zosawononga chilengedwe, monga njira yatsopano yogwiritsira ntchito "kusinthasintha kwa kutentha pang'ono + kuphatikiza kwa electrolyte cryogenic". Njirayi ili ngati "wosamalira nyumba mosamala", yomwe ingachepetse kwambiri mtengo wogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu za lithiamu, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi kutulutsa mpweya wa carbon, ndikuphatikiza lingaliro la kusunga mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa utsi mu ulalo uliwonse.
Chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kosalekeza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo, mphamvu yobwezeretsanso zinthu komanso kuteteza chilengedwe ya mabatire a lithiamu ogwiritsidwa ntchito yawonjezeka kwambiri, zomwe zathandiza kwambiri pakubwezeretsanso zinthu komanso kuteteza chilengedwe.
Kubwezeretsanso zinthu zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchitomabatire a lithiamuSikuti ndi pulojekiti yoteteza chilengedwe yokha, komanso ili ndi phindu lalikulu pazachuma. Lithium, cobalt, nickel ndi zitsulo zina zomwe zimachotsedwa m'mabatire a lithiamu ogwiritsidwa ntchito zili ngati chuma chogona. Akadzuka, amatha kubwezeretsanso kuwala kwake ndikupanga phindu lalikulu pazachuma.
Kuphatikiza apo, luso lamakono ndi injini yofunika kwambiri yolimbikitsira chitukuko cha makampani obwezeretsanso zinyalala za lithiamu. Pokhapokha ngati tipitilizabe kuthana ndi zovuta zaukadaulo ndikuwonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu, ndipamene tingathetse mavuto azachilengedwe omwe amayambitsidwa ndi mabatire a lithiamu ndikupeza chitukuko chokhazikika cha makampaniwa.
Pachifukwa ichi, makampani ambiri ndi mabungwe ofufuza za sayansi awonjezera ndalama zawo za R&D ndipo afufuza mwakhama ukadaulo watsopano wobwezeretsanso zinthu, ndipo apanga zinthu zambiri zatsopano. Makampani ena apanga zida zodziyimira pawokha zochotsera zinyalala zomwe zingathe kumaliza kuchotsera zinyalala za lithiamu moyenera komanso mosamala; mabungwe ena ofufuza za sayansi adzipereka kupanga ukadaulo wochotsa zitsulo wosamalira chilengedwe komanso wothandiza, kuyesetsa kukonza kuchuluka kwa kubwezeretsanso zitsulo ndikuchepetsa kuipitsa chilengedwe.
Mapeto
Kubwezeretsanso mabatire a lithiamu ogwiritsidwa ntchito si udindo wa makampani ndi maboma okha, komanso kumafuna kuti anthu onse atenge nawo mbali. Monga ogula wamba, titha kuyamba ndi ife tokha ndikutenga nawo mbali mwachangu mu njira yobwezeretsanso mabatire a lithiamu ogwiritsidwa ntchito kuti tithandizire kuteteza chilengedwe.
Tikhoza kusankha kutumiza mafoni akale, ma laputopu ndi zinthu zina zamagetsi ku njira zobwezerezedwanso nthawi zonse m'malo mozitaya nthawi iliyonse yomwe tikufuna; pogula magalimoto atsopano amphamvu, titha kupereka patsogolo makampani omwe amapereka ntchito zobwezerezedwanso mabatire; tiyeneranso kulimbikitsa kufunika kobwezerezedwanso mabatire a lithiamu ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndikulimbikitsa anthu ambiri kuti achite nawo ntchito yoteteza chilengedwe.
Kubwezeretsanso zinthu zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchitomabatire a lithiamuNdi ntchito yayitali komanso yovuta, koma tili ndi chifukwa chokhulupirira kuti ndi mgwirizano wa boma, mabizinesi ndi magawo onse a anthu, tidzatha kuyamba njira yobiriwira komanso yokhazikika, kotero kuti mabatire a lithiamu ogwiritsidwa ntchito sadzakhalanso katundu wolemetsa chilengedwe, koma akhale chuma chamtengo wapatali ndikuthandizira kumanga dziko lokongola.
Ngati muli ndi mafunso kapena mukufuna kudziwa zambiri, chonde musazengereze kutifunsatitumizireni uthenga.
Pempho la Mtengo:
Jacqueline:jacqueline@heltec-energy.com/ +86 185 8375 6538
Sucre:sucre@heltec-bms.com/ +86 136 8844 2313
Nancy:nancy@heltec-energy.com/ +86 184 8223 7713
Nthawi yotumizira: Okutobala-15-2024