Chiyambi:
Mabatire a lithiamuzakhala gawo lofunikira m'miyoyo yathu yatsiku ndi tsiku, kupatsa mphamvu chilichonse kuchokera ku mafoni a m'manja ndi ma laputopu kupita ku magalimoto amagetsi ndi makina osungira mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa. Mbiri yamabatire a lithiamu ndi ulendo wosangalatsa womwe watenga zaka makumi angapo, womwe umadziwika ndi kupita patsogolo kwakukulu kwaukadaulo komanso luso. Kuyambira pomwe adayambira modzichepetsa mpaka pomwe ali ngati otsogolera njira zosungira mphamvu, mabatire a lithiamu asintha momwe timagwiritsira ntchito ndikusungira magetsi.
Kupanga mabatire a lithiamu
Nkhani yamabatire a lithiamukuyambira m'zaka za m'ma 1970, pamene ofufuza anayamba kufufuza kuthekera kwa lithiamu monga chinthu chofunika kwambiri mu mabatire omwe amatha kuchangidwa. Inali nthawi imeneyi pamene asayansi anapeza katundu lifiyamu wapadera, kuphatikizapo mkulu kachulukidwe mphamvu ndi opepuka chikhalidwe, kupanga kukhala abwino kunyamula zipangizo zamagetsi. Kupezeka kumeneku kunayala maziko opangira mabatire a lithiamu-ion, omwe apitilizabe kulamulira msika wamagetsi ogula kwazaka zikubwerazi.
Mu 1979, katswiri wa zamankhwala pa yunivesite ya Oxford John Goodenough ndi gulu lake adachita bwino ndikupanga batri yoyamba yowonjezeredwa ya lithiamu-ion. Ntchito yochita upainiyayi inayala maziko a malonda a mabatire a lithiamu-ion, omwe akudziwika mofulumira chifukwa cha ntchito zawo zapamwamba komanso moyo wautali wautumiki poyerekeza ndi mabatire amtundu wa lead-acid ndi nickel-cadmium.
M'zaka zonse za m'ma 1980 ndi 1990, kafukufuku wochuluka ndi ntchito zachitukuko zimayang'ana kwambiri pakuwongolera magwiridwe antchito ndi chitetezo cha mabatire a lithiamu. Chimodzi mwazovuta zazikulu ndikupeza electrolyte yokhazikika yomwe imatha kupirira kachulukidwe kamphamvu ka lithiamu popanda kuwononga chitetezo. Izi zapangitsa kuti pakhale njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira ma electrolyte ndi kasamalidwe ka batri zomwe zimasintha kwambiri kudalirika ndi chitetezo cha mabatire a lithiamu-ion.
Kupambana kwa mabatire a lithiamu
M'zaka zonse za m'ma 1980 ndi 1990, kafukufuku wochuluka ndi ntchito zachitukuko zimayang'ana kwambiri pakuwongolera magwiridwe antchito ndi chitetezo cha mabatire a lithiamu. Chimodzi mwazovuta zazikulu ndikupeza electrolyte yokhazikika yomwe imatha kupirira kachulukidwe kamphamvu ka lithiamu popanda kuwononga chitetezo. Izi zapangitsa kuti pakhale njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira ma electrolyte ndi kasamalidwe ka batri zomwe zimasintha kwambiri kudalirika ndi chitetezo cha mabatire a lithiamu-ion.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2000 kunali kusintha kwa mabatire a lithiamu, ndi kupita patsogolo kwa nanotechnology ndi sayansi ya zipangizo zomwe zimalimbikitsa chitukuko cha lithiamu iron phosphate (LiFePO4) ndi mabatire a lithiamu polima. Mafakitale atsopanowa amapereka mphamvu zochulukirapo, kuthamangitsa mwachangu komanso chitetezo chowonjezereka, kukulitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mabatire a lithiamu m'magawo agalimoto, zakuthambo ndi mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa.
Tsogolo la mabatire a lithiamu
Kufalikira kwa magalimoto amagetsi (EVs) komanso kufunikira kokulirapo kwa mayankho osungira mphamvu kwapangitsa kuti pakhale magwiridwe antchito apamwamba.mabatire a lithiamu. M'zaka zaposachedwa, kupita patsogolo kwakukulu kwaukadaulo wa batri monga ma electrolyte olimba ndi ma silicon anode apititsa patsogolo kachulukidwe wamagetsi ndi moyo wanthawi zonse wa mabatire a lithiamu, kuwapanga kukhala njira yabwino yosungira mphamvu zazikulu komanso kukhazikika kwa gridi.
Mbiri ya mabatire a lithiamu ikuwonetsa kufunafuna kosalekeza kwatsopano komanso mphamvu yosintha yaukadaulo. Masiku ano, mabatire a lithiamu ndi mwala wapangodya wa kusintha kwa mphamvu zoyera, zomwe zimathandizira kufalikira kwa magalimoto amagetsi komanso kuphatikiza mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa. Pamene dziko likufuna kuchepetsa kudalira mafuta opangira mafuta komanso kuthana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo, mabatire a lithiamu adzakhala ndi gawo lalikulu pakupanga tsogolo lokhazikika komanso lochepa la carbon.
Mapeto
Mwachidule, mbiri yachitukuko chamabatire a lithiamundi ulendo wodabwitsa wopeza sayansi, luso laukadaulo, komanso kusintha kwa mafakitale. Kuyambira masiku awo oyambilira ngati ma laboratory curiosities mpaka momwe alili pano monga njira zosungira mphamvu zopezeka paliponse, mabatire a lithiamu abwera patali kwambiri pakulimbitsa dziko lamakono. Pamene tikupitiriza kutsegula mphamvu zonse za mabatire a lithiamu, tidzayambitsa nthawi yatsopano yosungiramo mphamvu zoyera, zodalirika komanso zokhazikika zomwe zidzasintha tsogolo la dziko lathu lapansi.
Ngati muli ndi mafunso kapena mukufuna kudziwa zambiri, musazengereze kuterokufikira kwa ife.
Pempho la Mawu:
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Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-19-2024